Open to closed is on a continuum [1]. What we include or don't include in our analysis is a matter of preference. As such, there is no one true definition of a walled garden.
For example, Apple doesn't dictate which electricity provider I use to power its devices. Does that mean it's an open platform? Of course not.
The comparison of the App Store to a grocery store is apt. They both leverage their access to demand to control (and extract profits from) the supply side.
For example, Apple doesn't dictate which electricity provider I use to power its devices. Does that mean it's an open platform? Of course not.
The comparison of the App Store to a grocery store is apt. They both leverage their access to demand to control (and extract profits from) the supply side.
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Closed_platform