The most surprising part is that they were able to gain access to your account using just the code texted to you. It's called second factor for a reason. The bank should still have sent you a password reset email.
My bank doesn't even allow password resets like that.
If you forget, you can request a new one, but that goes just like the initial setup: you get 2 separate documents per post, one with a new password, and one with a new activation code.