I am commenting because I have read parts of your algebraic number theory book and used Sage extensively. The book helped me but did not significantly change anything about my life. It is possible to learn the same topics by reading other books. I love many parts of Sage and it has changed what I am able to do.
It seems like the options are
tenure: a path where you make incremental progress on narrow problems with the benefit of low stress and an excellent standard of living.
company: a path where you get to continue changing the world in a meaningful way. The cost is high stress and a less certain standard of living in your current city.
You provide a lot of details about your situation but I don't think they are relevant. The details would only matter if the worst case outcome of either path was a life that you could not bear to live. Given your many accomplishments this is not a problem.
I think people should try to minimize the regret in their lives rather than maximizing their average daily happiness. It sounds like you would regret not continuing to work on your company.
It seems like the options are
tenure: a path where you make incremental progress on narrow problems with the benefit of low stress and an excellent standard of living.
company: a path where you get to continue changing the world in a meaningful way. The cost is high stress and a less certain standard of living in your current city.
You provide a lot of details about your situation but I don't think they are relevant. The details would only matter if the worst case outcome of either path was a life that you could not bear to live. Given your many accomplishments this is not a problem.
I think people should try to minimize the regret in their lives rather than maximizing their average daily happiness. It sounds like you would regret not continuing to work on your company.