That’s not about adblocking but about using vpns for a purpose that is not a virtual private network. The general adblock system works in Safari as well as other apps that use web views though.
If we're talking about non-VPN solutions, then Android continues to allow several ad-blocking solutions such as browsers with it built in, or browsers like Firefox which run extension systems which support popular blockers like Ublock Origin.
Does iOS support custom browsers like Firefox running their own engine and extension systems? They never did when I was a user.
I was under the impression that Firefox Focus blocked ads in some other apps as well but that doesn’t appear to be the case indeed, at least not in Chrome.
Firefox Focus ships with a content blocker extension, I think, so it can block ads in Safari and third-party apps using SFSafariViewController. Chrome uses a webview, so the content blocker won't work there.