They came to do a recruitment talk at my university. Per the spokesperson, they pay exactly the same as any other introductory job at google (so a hell of a lot more than academia).
While a different program, Google's Engineering Residency reportedly pays about $100k, depending on location. I would imagine that the Brain Residency pays something comparable.
application page:
https://www.google.com/about/careers/jobs#!t=jo&jid=/google/...